When you first open OmniGraffle, there’s a lot to absorb, but you can boil down the interface into four main areas: the Toolbar, Sidebar, Inspectors, and the Canvas.
Yes, there’s a lot more to it than that, and that’s what this chapter is for; to provide you with a gentle introduction to some of OmniGraffle’s key components and concepts so you can quickly get to work.
Every piece of software you use has a core set of terminology, and like those apps, OmniGraffle has a common nomenclature. To better help you understand the terms and terminology used when describing the interface or how to work in OmniGraffle, we’re providing this brief lingua franca.
You can change the default colors of Ruler and Smart Guides by choosing OmniGraffle ▸ Preferences ▸ Appearance.
If you have two or more objects selected on the canvas, you can use any of the Object and Properties inspectors to apply style and property changes to the selected objects.
Canvases can contain multiple layers of any type.
Now that you have a better understanding of OmniGraffle’s lingua franca, it’s time to dive in and learn more about the basics of using OmniGraffle.
The canvas is where you create, edit, and move objects around in your project. By default, every OmniGraffle document contains at least one canvas with one layer, and you can add as many canvases as you’d like.
Canvases give you the flexibility to separate your work into distinct areas within the same project file. Not sure if you like how an illustration you’ve been working on is coming together? Duplicate the canvas and apply a new set of styles so you can see which one you like best.
To work on a canvas, select the canvas by either clicking its name or the preview icon in the sidebar. When you do, the preview icon takes on a light blue highlight, and any objects appear on the working canvas in the middle of OmniGraffle’s window.
To delete a canvas, select the preview image in the sidebar and then use one of the following options:
OmniGraffle projects need at least one Canvas; you cannot delete the last one.
When you create a new project in OmniGraffle, one of the first things you might consider doing is taking a pass through the Canvas Inspectors (Inspectors ▸ Canvas). These inspectors are fully defined in Working With the Inspectors, but here’s a brief overview:
Canvas Size — Use the Canvas Size inspector to choose a Canvas Mode (Fixed, Flexible, or Infinite), and define the printing options for this canvas.
Canvas Fill — Use the Canvas Fill inspector to apply a fill color or pattern to the canvas.
Background Image — Use the Background Image inspector to select and use an image as the background for the canvas.
If you choose to use both a Canvas Fill and a Background Image on the canvas, note that the Background Image sits in the foreground, above the Canvas Fill.
Also, if you would like the Canvas Fill or Background Image to be included as part of any image export, be sure to uncheck Transparent background in the export panel. For more details, see Exporting Image and Graphics Files from OmniGraffle.
Units — Use the Units inspector to define the units of measurement and how objects scale on the canvas.
Grid — Use the Grid inspector to specify the distance between major (thicker) or minor (thinner) grid lines, their color, and whether shapes on the canvas will snap to the grid when moved into position.
Diagram Layout — Use the Diagram Layout inspector to turn Auto Layout on or off, and to set how connected objects flow in a diagram.
See Diagramming Basics for a quick tutorial on diagramming in OmniGraffle.
Canvas Data — Use the Canvas Data inspector to change the name of the current canvas, add a descriptive note, or to set key-value pairs of metadata to help further define your project.
Some examples of changes you might want to make to the Canvas prior to starting your work include:
But the most interesting change you can make to the canvas comes up in the next section: Infinite Canvas!
Bordering the Canvas—along the left and top edges—are the Rulers. You can also hide or show the rulers by choosing View ▸ Rulers (Command-R).
The point at which the rulers meet—the upper-left corner—is known as the Ruler Origin Point. This is the point from which all ruler measurements originate; its coordinates are 0,0.
To change the origin, click and drag the origin from the corner where the rulers meet. Alternatively, you can enter Origin values in the Units inspector. To reset the origin to the 0,0 position, click on the origin point between the two rulers. Click the origin point again and the origin point changes to its previous position.
The rulers reflect the units of measure defined in the default template, but you can also change the Ruler Units in the Units inspector (choose Inspectors ▸ Canvas).
The available units of measurement include:
Ruler units followed by an asterisk * in the previous list means that these measurement types will print true to size when selected.
The Units inspector also offers the option for you to set a custom Scale. For example, you could specify that 1 inch on the canvas is the equivalent to 10 feet, or for really long distances, 100 pixels could represent 93 million miles.
You can also change the ruler units by Control- or Right-clicking on the ruler or the Canvas itself. For example, Control-/Right-clicking on the Rulers provides you with options for hiding and showing the Rulers and Guides, as well as changing the Ruler Units.
While Control-/Right-clicking on the Canvas gives you quick access to other options, including the ability to add or duplicate Canvases and Layers, and for controlling the Grid and Guides.
Note that in both cases, the context menu displays the current setting next to the Ruler Units menu item.
The unit type specified in the template you choose, or as set in the Units inspector, determines how other inspectors deal with units of measurement. For example, if Ruler Units are set to centimeters (cm), you will see this unit of measurement reflected in the following inspectors:
The Stroke, Shadow, Shape, Line, and Font inspectors specify their units in points (pt) regardless of the Ruler Units setting.
See Working With the Inspectors later in this guide for more details about the individual inspectors.
Along the top of OmniGraffle’s window is the Toolbar.
The toolbar has buttons for nearly every function in OmniGraffle. From buttons for opening and closing the Sidebar and the Inspector bar, to the Tool Palette at its center, everything you need to work in OmniGraffle is just one click away.
You use the tools in the Tool Palette to work on the canvas. For example, you use the Selection tool to select and move objects, the Shape or Pen tools to draw shapes, the Line tool to draw lines or to connect shapes in a diagram or flowchart together, or the new Point Editor tool to further customize the shapes you draw.
For a detailed overview of the tools in the Tool Palette, see Using the Tools, later in this guide.
Above the Tool Palette, you’ll see a document icon. Next to that is the filename, and if your OmniGraffle file has more than one Canvas, the filename is appended by a colon (:) followed by the name of the canvas you’re presently working on.
If you Command-click on the document icon, you’ll get a contextual menu that shows you where the file is stored on your Mac. This is sometimes handy for when you’re working on duplicated files and you can’t remember where you saved the last revision.
If you are new to design apps, such as OmniGraffle, you may not be familiar with what a bounding box is and how to use them. An object’s bounding box appears when you select an object with the Selection tool.
Everything you add to the canvas—a shape, line, or an image—is surrounded by what’s known as a bounding box. A bounding box defines an object or selection’s width and height, and consists of eight selection handles which you can use to resize an object.
A bounding box is “drawn” around one or more selected objects:
If the selected objects are part of a group, the bounding box has a light blue highlight:
Once selected, you can click-and-drag on any one of the selection handles to resize the object:
If you Shift-click-and-drag on any of the selection handles, the object (or selection or group) resizes proportionally:
Press Option-Shift and then click-and-drag on any of the selection handles to proportionally resize an object (or selection or group) based on its center point:
To deselect any selected objects, press Esc on your keyboard.
The sidebar on the left of OmniGraffle’s window is where you organize your project. Each OmniGraffle project has at least one canvas with one layer, but your projects can have multiple canvases each with multiple layers, and each layer can have one or many objects. That’s the beauty of OmniGraffle; your projects can be as simple or as complex as they need to be.
This section introduces you to OmniGraffle’s Sidebar. You’ll get to know how canvases, layers, and objects stack, how to reorder those items, and how to duplicate and share layers between canvases.
Among design apps, layers are a ubiquitous concept. Layers hold the things you are working on and can be, well, layered upon each other to create more complex effects. This is known as the layer stack because the layers in your project stack on top of each other.
In OmniGraffle, there’s also the addition of an object stack, comprised of the objects on each layer, and the canvas stack which, if you have OmniGraffle Pro, can include shared layers that appear in the other canvases of your project.
This section provides you with an overview of how layers, their objects, and canvases stack up in the Sidebar, providing you with tips for managing the pieces of your projects along the way.
Your projects don’t need to have multiple layers—everything can exist on a single layer—but once you grasp the concept you’ll discover that layers can really make a difference in your work.
Individual layers have an object stack, made up of the objects on that particular layer. For example, if you draw a square on the canvas and then draw a second one over part of the first square, the second square is above the first square in the object stack.
When you look at the sidebar, you’ll see that square 2 is above square 1 in the layer’s object stack. This is because objects are stacked above each other in the order they’re drawn on the canvas, regardless of their actual position on the canvas.
To get square 1 above square 2, you can do one of the following:
In the Sidebar, drag square 1 above square 2:
As you drag square 1 upward in the layer’s object list, an insertion bar appears to help guide where you drop the object in the list.
Either on the canvas or in the sidebar, select square 1 and then:
With only two objects on the layer, there is no difference between Bring to Front and Bring Forward. However, if you have multiple objects on the layer, Bring to Front always places the selected object at the top of the object stack, while Bring Forward moves that object up one place in the stack.
The same principle applies to using Send to Back () and Send Backward. Send to Back sends the selected object to the bottom of the object stack, while Send Backward moves the object one place lower in the stack.
Layers provide a way for you to compartmentalize and focus on certain aspects of your design individually without splitting things out into separate projects. For example, you can turn off a layer’s visibility so you can focus on something on a different layer, or lock in place a layer that’s lower in the stack while you work on something higher up.
In Diagramming Basics, you will create a simple diagram, to which you will add a layer for working with the diagram’s title text.
To reorganize a canvas’s layers, you drag them up or down in the stack in the Sidebar. Unlike objects, there are no keyboard shortcuts or toolbar buttons for raising or lowering a layer’s position in the stack.
Moving Layer 1 above Layer 3 in this example simply places the square on a higher level than Layer 2, which contains the circle. The end result of raising Layer 1 in the stack is the square now overlaps the circle:
Like layers, your OmniGraffle projects can have one or many canvases. And, similar to layers, you can reorganize them in the Sidebar by dragging them up or down to a different position.
However, unlike layers, which adhere to the settings of the canvas (which you specify in the Canvas inspectors), the canvases in your project can have different properties. For example, you could have different canvases for laying out a project that needs to be printed in a range of sizes, from standard US letter size, to A4, to poster-sized.
In addition to reordering canvases in the Sidebar, you can also drag layers and objects from one canvas to another. To duplicate a layer or object and add it to another canvas, hold the Option key and drag it into the canvas or layer where you’d like it.
If you have OmniGraffle Pro, you can also have Shared Layers, which appear on every canvas in your project. For more information about Shared Layers, see Sharing Layers with Multiple Canvases (PRO)
You can also use the Style Brush to copy styles applied to objects on one canvas, and apply them to objects on another canvas. Similarly, you can use the Style Tray at the bottom of the inspector sidebar to drag styles from one canvas to another. This is particularly helpful for when you’ve set a Canvas Fill on one canvas and want to apply that same styling to the other canvases in your project.
To learn more about the Sidebar, see Managing Canvases, Layers, and Objects in the Sidebar later in this guide.
Along the right side of OmniGraffle’s window you’ll find the Inspectors. The concept of Inspectors is fairly common among macOS apps. For example, you’ll find Inspectors in Pages, Keynote, and Numbers, and a bunch of other popular Mac apps. Inspectors are used to help you style things and apply various settings to your documents and projects.
The same concept applies here with OmniGraffle. The Inspector sidebar contains four tabs which contain all of the controls you need to style objects, text, add properties to the canvas, and searchable metadata do your projects. Here’s a quick rundown of what you’ll find:
The Object and Properties inspectors let you control the appearance and properties of the objects on the canvas. First select an object on the canvas, and then, for example, use the Object inspectors to add a Fill color, or the Properties inspector to change the way objects accept line connections from other objects.
Use the Canvas inspectors to define the properties of the current canvas. If your OmniGraffle project has more than one canvas, you can set the canvas properties independent of each other, and if you have OmniGraffle Pro, you can use Shared Layers to share layers and objects between canvases.
Use the Document inspectors to choose how your OmniGraffle projects are saved, configure margins for printing, and add metadata related to the project. The information you add to the Document Data inspector is exposed to macOS’s Spotlight search, so you can quickly find and open an OmniGraffle project.
There’s a lot more to the Inspectors than what can be covered in this chapter. To learn more about the Inspectors, see Working With the Inspectors later in this guide.
Use the Stencil Browser, located at the far right of the tab bar, to use, locate, and add stencils to OmniGraffle. To learn more about stencils, see Using, Curating, and Creating Stencils later in this guide.
After reading this chapter, follow along with the remainder of the chapters in Part I, as these go further in-depth on what you have learned here: